RESEARCH Predicted risks of radiogen d

Full list of author information is available at the end of the articleBackground Hodgkin disease (HD) and medulloblastoma (MB) are among the most common malignancies found in children and young adults, and radiotherapy (mediastinal radiation for HD and radiotherapy to the cranium and spine for MB) is part of the standard treatment. Coronary vascular disease was found to be associated with a higher radiation dose in HD survivors [1], and the leading cause of noncancer mortality in radiation-treated HD patients is cardiovascular disease [2,3]. It was found that craniospinal irradiation (CSI) patients are at risk for signifi-cant cardiac dysfunction and asymmetric impairment of heart development, where asymmetric distribution of radi-ation may be the cause [4]. Pediatric survivors who received radiotherapy and chemotherapy for brain tumors are at increased risk for cardiovascular late effects [5]. Proton therapy typically delivers a lower dose to normal tissues than photon therapy [6]. However, stray radiatio