Synergy Potential among Climate Change Mitigation, Adaptation, and

Governance for climate change mitigation and adaptation measures, as well as for biodiversity and ecosystem conservation (BEC) measures, is discussed under different conventions: mitigation and adaptation under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and BEC under the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). However, currently there are growing interests in integrating these climate change measures and BEC measures, with a view to increasing their benefits and reducing their negative impacts. Existing research shows the co-benefits of some fields by integrating mitigation and adaptation measures within the field of climate change, and it also explores the co-benefits by integrating mitigation and BEC, as well as adaptation and BEC. However, there is limited research on the synergy among mitigation, adaptation, and B/EC. This research explores synergy potential among climate change mitigation, adaptation, and BEC in the forest sector by using the indicators developed based on the existing enabling conditions on synergy between climate change mitigation and adaptation (Duguma et al. 2014). We use the case of the forest sector because it is likely to have high synergy potential among mitigation, adaptation, and BEC. All mitigation, adaptation, and BEC in the forest sector require forest conservation activities. In order to evaluate the national synergy potential among the three measures mentioned above, w