Invited Paper Photochemical formation of chromium (V) in dichromated materials: a quantitative and comparative approach

We have been working on dichromated photosensitive materials for several years. After investigating the photochemical process in various systems, it appears that the chemical structure of the polymeric matrix plays an essential role in the progress of the reaction that takes place upon irradiation by the laser beams. If the primary photochemical process is always the electron transfer from the matrix to the metallic cation giving rise to chromium (V) and a macroradical, the fate of chromium (V) in the system strongly depends on the chemical structure of the polymer. In dichromated poly(acrylic acid) DCPAA, chromium (V) is an unstable species only detectable by ESR spectroscopy upon irradiation: it disappears after stopping the irradiation very fast. On the contrary, chromium (V) is surprisingly stable in poly(vinyl alcohol) and in gelatin. The first spectral evolution corresponds to the only reduction of chromium (VI) into chromium (V) as evidenced by the presence of an isosbestic point. The subsequent reduction of chromium (V) is a very slow process: the complete transformation into chromium (III) is only achieved after several days. As a result, we were able to estimate the UV-visible spectrum of chromium (V) in the matrix and for the first time, it was possible to quantitatively follow the formation of this species and to draw some conclusion about the complexation sites in gelatin