Rectal endoscopy findings i1, toxicity, Quality of life

Full list of author information is available at the end of the articleBackground Radiation therapy is a well-established treatment modal-ity for clinically localized prostate cancer. Late radiation proctitis occurs at a frequency of 5–20 % when radiother-apy is delivered with conventional radiation therapy for localized prostate cancer [1]. Patients with radiation-induced proctopathy describe symptoms of rectal pain, bowel frequency/urgency and rectal bleeding. These symp-toms occur months to years after treatment (average 8– 12 months), with the large majority of patients reporting symptoms within two years following pelvic radiation therapy [2,3]. Patient characteristics such as a history of hemorrhoids, inflammatory bowel disease [4] or antico-agulation therapy [5] may increase an individual patient’s risk for clinically significant proctopathy. Endoscopic find-ings in patients with clinical proctopathy include telan