Cytoplasmic Signaling Involved in Sonoporation- Induced Apoptosis and Mitosis Repression of

Abstract—Sonoporation is known to be a transient phenomenon that may disrupt the homeostasis of living cells. In this work, we showed that sonoporation may bear time-lapse impact on cellular viability through up-regulation of cytoplasmic signaling proteins related to apoptosis and cell-cycle arrest. Our experiments were done on HL-60 leukemia cells (106 cells/ml), and sonoporation was induced via the use of 1 % v/v microbubbles and 1-min. pulsed ultrasound exposure (0.5MPa peak negative pressure, 1MHz center frequency, 10 % duty cycle, 1 kHz pulse repetition frequency). The transient nature of sonoporation in these cells was confirmed by performing scanning electron microscopy on selected cell samples that were fixed respectively after a few seconds into the ultrasound exposure and one minute after the end of exposure. Cytoplasmic signaling changes of these cells were studied at four post-sonoporation time points (4h, 8h, 12h