Adolescents and Youth

Until two decades ago, children andadolescents were automatically as-sumed to have insulin-dependent type 1 diabetes. However, type 2 diabetes emerged as a “new type ” of childhood di-abetes in the 1990s in association with the epidemic of childhood obesity. It quickly became apparent that this new pediatric disease disproportionally affected disad-vantaged minority children and was asso-ciated with comorbidities that increased the risk of future cardiovascular disease. After more than 20 years, the optimal approach to the treatment of childhood type 2 diabetes remains largely unknown. Besides insulin, metformin remains the only other antidiabetic medication that i