Clinical Study Complications of Minimally Invasive, Tubular Access Surgery for Cervical, Thoracic, and Lumbar Surgery

which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The object of the studywas to review the author’s large series ofminimally invasive spine surgeries for complication rates.The author reviewed a personal operative database for minimally access spine surgeries done through nonexpandable tubular retractors for extradural, nonfusion procedures. Consecutive cases