ii Dedication I dedicate this dissertation to my parents, my husband and daughter. iii Acknowledgments I would like to acknowledge many people for helping me during my doctoral work. I would especially like to thank my advisor, Prof. Jeff Offutt, for his generous time and commit-ment. Throughout my doctoral work he has always encouraged me to develop independent thinking, research skills and rigorous writing skills. His words of encouragement, quiet urgings and careful reading of all of my written work will never be forgotten. I am also very grateful for having an exceptional doctoral committee and wish to thank Dr. Brian Mark, Dr. Robert Simon and Dr. Angelos Stavrou for their continual support and encouragement. They are valuable faculty ...