RESEARCH ARTICLE Transforming students int n

Full list of author information is available at the end of the articleThe expansion of smartphones and internet access along with the increasing use of social media and free online courses and learning materials are revolutionizing the way students learn, communicate and collaborate. It is challenging the role of universities in both their ICT infrastructure and the way they communicate and design ness for using ICT in the context of learning. We have identified a few dated studies addressing the use of ICT in education, but these studies relate to specific courses or situations, for example, the use of the internet or smartphones [1-3], and cannot be used to draw general conclusions about students ’ ICT competencies and readi-ness. In a UK study investigating the use of smartphones in 2012 it was found that 59 % of university students used smartphones [4], which was lower than the percentag