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The prognostic value of whole-body positron emission tomography/computed tomog-raphy (PET/CT) with 18F-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) shortly after the onset of in-duction chemotherapy or mid treatment could help to predict long-term clinical out-comes in patients with Hodgkin’s or Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. However, FDG is not a tumor-specific substance, and it may accumulate to the point of being detected in a variety of benign conditions or at physiologic anatomical sites, which may give rise to false-positive interpretation. In an attempt to standardize the reporting criteria for in-terim PET/CT, the First International Workshop on Interim PET in Lymphoma sug-gested visual response criteria with the Deauville five-point scale, and the standardized uptake value (SUV) has been investigated in comparison with this visual system. A quantitative approach using the measurement of maximal SUV (SUVmax) or the re-duction rate of SUVmax (∆SUVmax) might be more appropriate in early-response PET/CT for reducing false-positive rates or for decreasing interobserver variability in interpretation. In this review, the predictive efficacy of PET/CT is discussed for the treatment of aggressive lymphoma, especially in terms of an interim PET/CT-based prognostic model. Key Words: Prognosis; Lymphoma; Non-Hodgkin; Positron-emission tomography This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial Licens