n enterica serovar Typhimurium is one such strain, with a base region of the genome called Salmonella pathogenicity

, the intracellular phase of infection proceeds in a coordinated effort with an additional type III secretion USA Full list of author information is available at the end of the articlebroad spectrum of hosts including pig, chicken and humans [1,5,6]. S. Typhimurium can be ubiquitous in the environment and within certain animal reservoirs; it can act as a commensal, produce an asymptomatic infec-tion, and/or trigger disease in various hosts [7]. Serovar Typhimurium thus remains one of the top infectious food-borne pathogens worldwide. island (SPI) 1 [11-18]. The T3SS of S. Typhimurium consists of structural components (i.e. needle complex) that make up the apparatus used to inject effector proteins into the cytoplasm of host cells [12,19-21]. The effector proteins then promote infection by altering the physiology of the host cell. Specifically, Salmonella can seize the host cell machinery and induce rearrangements in the actin cytoskeleton and cause alterations in signal transduction that helps facilitate further systemic infection [22-24]. In * Correspondence