License terms

Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) was de-veloped to make possible the en bloc removal of large, flat, superficial lesions of the gastrointesti-nal tract, and reports on its efficiency were first published more than 25 years ago [1,2]. In East-ern countries, this technique became the gold standard for the treatment of early gastric cancer. Since then, indications for the method have been expanded to include other structures, such as the esophagus and colon, and other types of lesions, such as submucosal tumors. In well-validated in-dications, assessments of both the short- and long-term efficacy of ESD, along with safety and recurrence rates, have proved its superiority to all other therapeutic modalities, including abla