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Abstract: Within the overall National Health Insurance (NHI) budget in Taiwan, there has been a remarkable increase in expenditure for cancer patients. This study was designed to explore whether hemato-logical malignancy is associated with higher end-of-life (EOL) medical expenditure in their last 6 months of life. We used data from the Taiwan NHI Research Database to do a retrospective cohort and population-based study. There were 42,754 cancer patients enrolled in order to study the determinants of medical expenditure for EOL care from 2009 to 2011. The mean medical expenditure for EOL care for cancer patients in the last 6 months of life was $12,965 10,959 (mean standard deviation) (all costs are given in US dollars). Patients with acute leukemia and lymphoma had an additional cost of $16,934 and $7840 than those with nonhematological malignancy (P< 0.001). Medical expenditures for can-cer patientswith a hematologicalmalignancy and postdiagnosis survival of>6 month acute leuk than did o acute leuk had statist The m lymphoma strategies the healt