RESEARCH ARTICLE Overexpression of YAP 1 c

Full list of author information is available at the end of the articleBackground Bladder cancer is one of the most lethal urological ma-lignant tumors worldwide [1]. Urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UCB) is the most common histological sub-type of bladder cancer. Overall, 70 % of bladder tumors present as noninvasive urothelial carcinoma (UC), and the remainder present as muscle-invasive disease [2]. To date, the best established and routinely used clinical markers to predict UCBs prognosis are pTNM stage and tumor differentiation [3]. However, the prognosis of UCB patients with disease of the same clinical stage often differs substantially even after surgical resection, and this large variation is mostly unexplained. Thus, a large amount of investigations on UCB have focused on the discovery of specific molecular markers that could serve as reliable prognostic factors. To date, however, the search for spe-cific molecules in UCB cells that have clinical/prognosti