WORLD JOURNAL OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY

criticism of RARC has been directed at urinaryAnkara, Turkey Full list of author information is available at the end of the articleBackground Radical cystectomy with pelvic lymph node dissection is considered to be the most effective treatment of muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Moreover, it is an option in high-grade non-muscle-invasive disease refractory to intravesical instillation therapy. In the majority of cases, the most popular choice of diversion is either an ileal conduit or an orthotopic neobladder. Open radical cyst-ectomy is still regarded as the gold standard treatment for muscle-invasive bladder cancer and high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. However, minimally in-vasive radical cystectomy techniques have recently been gaining popularity and robot-assisted technique is used in most cases nowadays. Robot-assisted radical cystec-tomy (RARC) has been shown to be equivalent to open radical cystectomy in terms of oncological and func-tional outcomes and to be superior when it comes to perioperative outcomes, such as hospital stay and blood loss [1-5]. Surrogate parameters, such as nodal yield and positive surgical margins have been used to compare oncological outcomes with the open technique [2,5]