Research Article Closed Contour Specular Reflection Segmentation in Laparoscopic Images

Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Segmentation of specular reflections is an essential step in endoscopic image analysis; it affects all further processing steps including segmentation, classification, and registration tasks. The dichromatic reflectance model, which is often used for specular reflectionmodeling, is made for dielectric materials and not for human tissue. Hence, most recent segmentation approaches rely on thresholding techniques. In this work, we first demonstrate the limited accuracy that can be achieved by thresholding techniques and propose a hybrid method which is based on closed contours and thresholding.Themethod has been evaluated on 269 specular reflections in 49 images which were taken from 27 real laparoscopic interventions. Our method improves the average sensitivity by 16 % compared to the state-of-the-art thresholding methods. 1