Acute Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Syndrome After

We report a rare case of acute human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) syndrome in a patient with chronic HIV infec-tion with acute illness indistinguishable from acute retroviral syndrome. The patient presented with an acute febrile mono-nucleosis-like illness after increasing nonadherence to antire-troviral therapy. A marked increase in HIV RNA level of 1 220 000 copies/mL from less than 20 copies/mL occurred within 3 weeks. The diagnosis of acute HIV syndrome was made after alternative causes of illness were ruled out