Research Article Freeze-Thaw Durability of Air-Entrained Concrete

License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. One of the most damaging actions affecting concrete is the abrupt temperature change (freeze-thaw cycles). The types of deterioration of concrete structures by cyclic freeze-thaw can be largely classified into surface scaling (characterized by the weight loss) and internal crack growth (characterized by the loss of dynamic modulus of elasticity). The present study explored th