REVIEW ARTICLE Ageing and osteoarthritis: a circadian rhythm connection

Abstract Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disease, affecting articular cartilage of the joints, with currently no cure. Age is a major risk factor for OA, but despite significant advances made in the OA research field, how ageing contributes to OA is still not well understood. In this review, we will focus on one particular aspect of chondrocyte biology, i.e., circa-dian rhythms. Disruptions to circadian clocks have been linked to various diseases. Our recent work demonstrates autonomous clocks in chondrocytes which regulate key pathways implicated in OA. The cartilage rhythm dampens with age and clock gene expression changes during the initiation stage of OA development in an experimental mouse OA model. Research into the molecular links between ageing, circadian clocks and OA may identify novel thera-peutic routes for the prevention and management of OA, such as chronotherapy, or direct targeting of clock components/circadian rhythm