RESEARCH ARTICLE Cancer Incidence among Patients with

A diet with restricted energy content reduces the occurrence of cancer in animal experi-ments. It is not known if the underlying mechanism also exists in human beings. To deter-mine whether cancer incidence is reduced among patients with anorexia nervosa who tend to have a low intake of energy, we carried out a retrospective cohort study of 22 654 women and 1678 men diagnosed with anorexia nervosa at ages 10-50 years during 1968-2010 ac-cording to National Hospital Registers in Sweden, Denmark and Finland. The comparison group consisted of randomly selected persons from population registers who were similar to the anorexia nervosa patients in respect to sex, year of birth and place of residence. Pa-tients and population comparisons were followed for cancer by linkage to Cancer Regis-tries. Incidence rate ratios (IRR) were estimated using Poisson models. In total, 366 cases of cancer (excluding non-melanoma skin cancer) were seen among women with anorexia nervosa, and the IRR for all cancer sites was 0.97 (95 % CI = 0.87-1.08) adjusted for age, parity and age at first child. There were 76 breast cancers corresponding to an adjusted IRR of 0.61 (95 % CI = 0.49-0.77). Significantly increased IRRs were observed for esophageal