REVIEWS Leadership Development Programs for Physicians: A Systematic Review

grams typically aim to strengthen physicians ’ leadership competencies and improve organizational performance. We conducted a systematic review of medical literature on physician leadership development programs in order to characterize the setting, educational content, teaching methods, and learning outcomes achieved. METHODS: Articles were identified through a search in Ovid MEDLINE from 1950 through November 2013. We included articles that described programs designed to expose physicians to leadership concepts, outlined teaching methods, and reported evaluation outcomes. A thematic analysis was conducted using a structured data entry form with categories for setting/target group, educational con-tent, format, type of evaluation and outcomes. RESULTS: We identified 45 studies that met eligibilit