Symposium: Editorial • Open Access •

Cardiac arrhythmia is an abnormal rate and/or rhythm of a heart due to its abnormal electrical impulse origination and/or propagation. Various etiologies can cause arrhythmias. Heart failure (HF) is a clinical syndrome due to an impaired heart that can not pump sufficient blood to meet the systemic metabolic needs. The common causes of HF include myocardial infarction, hypertension, valvular heart disease, and cardiomyopathy.[1] The morbidity and mortality of HF and cardiac arrhythmia are high in the aging population aged ≥ 65 years. This geriatric population in the world is predicted to be 973 million by the year 2030.[2] In USA, elderly patients account for more than 85 % of all cardiovascular disease deaths, 65 % of cardiovascular disease hospitalizations, 62 % of myocardial infarction hospitalizations, and 77 % of HF hospitalizations.[3–5