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lar switch that controls actin dynamics and thereby the morphology, migration, and cytokinesis of most, if not all, cell types (Heasman and Ridley, 2008). Neuronal cells are not an exception, although Rac-regulated replication and migration are limited mostly to the embryonic stages (Luo, 2000; Tashiro and Yuste, 2004; Fuchs et al., 2009; Govek et al., 2011). Recently, it has also been shown that Rac is required for proliferative production and retention of new neurons generated during learning, indicating that Rac also regulates higher brain function (Haditsch et al., 2013). This small molecular switch is able to brin