OBSERVATIONS The Cardiovascular Relevance of Celiac Disease

We readwith great interest the recentarticle by Leeds et al. (1) regardingthe effect of the presence of celiac disease (CD) on glycometabolic parameters in type 1diabetic subjects and, above all, on diabetes-related microvascular complica-tions. Indeed, several epidemiological and genetic studies strongly suggest a more-than-random association between type 1 diabetes and CD (2,3), but no current guidelines encourage different approaches in patients with the coexistence of the two diseases in terms of glycometabolic targets and/or screening of vascular complications. We recently published a similar study (case-control) (4) that showed that the presence of CD is also associated with a