RESEARCH ARTICLE Differential Globalization of Industry- and Non-Industry–Sponsored Clinical Trials

Background Mapping the international landscape of clinical trials may inform global health research gov-ernance, but no large-scale data are available. Industry or non-industry sponsorship may have a major influence in this mapping. We aimed to map the global landscape of industry-and non-industry–sponsored clinical trials and its evolution over time. Methods We analyzed clinical trials initiated between 2006 and 2013 and registered in the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP). We mapped single-country and inter-national trials by World Bank's income groups and by sponsorship (industry- vs. non- indus-try), including its evolution over time from 2006 to 2012. We identified clusters of countries that collaborated significantly more than expected in industry- and non-industry–sponsored international trials. Results 119,679 clinical trials conducted in 177 countries were analysed. The median number of tri