www.jcb.org/cgi/doi/10.1083/jcb.201210077 JCB 583 JCB: Feature

Multiple myeloma, a cancer of the antibody-generating plasma cells, is the second most common hematological malignancy. In this disease, myeloma cells proliferate in the bone marrow, leading to decreased blood cell formation and bone resorption locally and causing systemic disease (especially renal failure) through their production of large amounts of abnormal immuno-globins. The proteasome inhibitor bortezomib is now part of the preferred treatment for multiple myeloma (Raab et al., 2009; Goldberg, 2011), and>400,000 patients worldwide have now received the drug, which has over two billion dollars in annual sales. Most importantly, this agent has led to major improvements in disease management and increased the lifespan of patients by years. Also, new combinations with other drugs are continually being introduced that are proving more effective and have fewer side effects. Recently, a second proteasome inhibitor, carfil