RESEARCH Contemporary gene flow i

Full list of author information is available at the end of the articlemorphologically indistinguishable Anopheles gambiae sensu lato species complex [1]. Whilst Anopheles gambiae s.s. (henceforth An. gambiae) is the dominant malaria vector in The existence of previously unrecognised divisions within the An. gambiae s.l. complex were first noted over 50 years ago when crosses between field-collected samples showed that F1 males were sterile and exhibited atrophy of the testes, though F1 females were apparently viable [7]. Since males are the heterogametic sex in Anopheles this is in accordance with Haldane’s rule, a well-known for