LECTURE Open Access Using fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis

Fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (Fs/QCA) is a so-cial science me thod developed in order to combine case-orient-ed and variable-oriented quantitative analysis. It started with the creation of qualitative comparative analysis [1], with Fs/QCA later developed by applying fuzzy-set theory [2]. Although the fuzzy-set approach is still considered to be in the process of be-ing developed [3-5], it has already been discussed as a useful methodology among social scientists. In addition, the number of researchers across disciplines who use this methodology has steadily increased. Fs/QCA recognizes the limitation of case-oriented research in theorization and scientific measurement. In most cases, research-ers begin their case-oriented research based upon theoretical concepts and then select cases to refine and elaborate on these concepts. In Fs/QCA, a set membership is scientifically calibrat