to cancer

Breakthrough pain is defined as the tran-sient exacerbation of pain occurring in a patient with otherwise stable, persis-tent pain. It is estimated to affect over 50 % of patients, particularly those with moderate to severe background pain. Breakthrough pain is one of themost dif-ficult pain syndromes to treat. There are several types of breakthrough cancer pain: incidental type involves flares of pain associated with movement or activ-ity; idiopathic type is transitory pain unre-lated to a specific activity; and in end-of-dose failure pain occurs when blood levels of medications fall below an anal-gesic threshold at the end of a dosing interval. Persistent and breakthrough pain are distinct components of cancer pain and require separate management. Successful management of breakthrough pain may require a combination of phar-macological and non-pharmacological treatment strategies. Supplemental anal-gesia, known as rescue medication, is a common pharmacological treatment option. Breakthrough pain is treated with supplemental short-acting opioid use, as needed, e.g. short-acting morphine, intranasal fentanyl and buccal tablets of fentanyl. Key words: cancer pain, breakthrough pain, breakthrough pain management, neuropathic pain