RESEARCH ARTICLE Adding Content to Contacts: Measurement of High Quality Contacts for Maternal and

Background Families in high mortality settings need regular contact with high quality services, but exist-ing population-based measurements of contacts do not reflect quality. To address this, in 2012, we designed linked household and frontline worker surveys for Gombe State, Nigeria, Ethiopia, and Uttar Pradesh, India. Using reported frequency and content of contacts, we present a method for estimating the population level coverage of high quality contacts. Methods and Findings Linked cluster-based household and frontline health worker surveys were performed. Inter-views were conducted in 40, 80 and 80 clusters in Gombe, Ethiopia, and Uttar Pradesh, re-spectively, including 348, 533, and 604 eligible women and 20, 76, and 55 skilled birth attendants. High quality contacts were defined as contacts during which recommended set of processes for routine health care were met. In Gombe, 61 % (95 % confidence interval 50-72) of women had at least one antenatal contact, 22 % (14-29) delivered with a skilled birth attendant, 7 % (4-9) had a post-partum check and 4 % (2-8) of newborns had a post-natal check. Coverage of high quality contacts was reduced to 11 % (6-16), 8 % (5-11), 0%, an