Research Article Labeling of Chromosomes in Cell Development and the Appearance of Monozygotic Twins

License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Understanding themechanism behind the structure of the internal cellular clock can lead to advances in the knowledge of origins of pairs of monozygotic twins and higher order multiples as well as other biological phenomena. To gain insight into this mechanism, we analyze possible cell labeling schemes that model an organism’s development. Our findings lead us to predict that monozygotic quadruplets are not quadruplets in the traditional sense but rather two pairs of monozygotic twins where the pairs slightly differ—a situation we coin quadruplet twins. From the considered model, the probability of monozygotic twins is found to be (1/2