ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTION Association of daily coffee and tea consumption and metabolic syndrome: results from the Polish arm of the HAPIEE study

The Author(s) 2014. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate whether daily consumption of coffee and tea was associated with components and prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in the Polish arm of the Health, Alcohol and Psychosocial factors In Eastern Europe cohort study. Methods A cross-sectional population-based survey including 8,821 adults (51.4 % female) was conducted in Krakow, Poland. Coffee and tea consumption was evalu-ated using food frequency questionnaires. MetS was defined according to the International Diabetes Federation definition. Linear and logistic regression models were performed to estimate odds ratios and confidence intervals. Results Among high coffee and tea consumers (3 or more cups/day), high prevalence of female gender, young age, medium–high educational and occupational level, high total energy intake, and smoking habit were found. High coffee drinkers had lower BMI, waist circumference, sys-tolic and diastolic blood pressure, triglycerides, and higher HDL cholesterol than those drinking less than 1 cup/day. In contrast, high tea consumers had lower BMI, waist circumference, but not diastolic blood pressure, which was higher than low drinkers. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, both higher coffee and tea consump-tion were negatively associated with MetS (OR 0.75, 95 % CI 0.66, 0.86 and OR 0.79, 95 % CI 0.67, 0.92, respec-tively). Among specific components of MetS, high coffee consumption was negatively associated with waist cir-cumference, hypertension, and triglycerides, whereas tea consumption with central obesity and fasting plasma glu-cose in women, but not in men. Conclusions Coffee and tea consumption was negatively associated with MetS and some of its components