RESEARCH Increasing incidence of m d o

Full list of author information is available at the end of the articleresponsible for about one million deaths annually, mostly among African infants and young children [1]. Uganda bears a particularly large burden, having among the highest rates of transmission worldwide [2]. Within Uganda, there is significant heterogeneity of malaria transmission. In the most recent malaria indicator survey, from 2009, parasite prevalence among children under five years of age ranged from <5 % in urban centres to>60 % in rural settings [3]. door residual spraying of insecticides, and prompt treatment with artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) has increased, many reports have shown a sub-stantial drop in malaria transmission, malaria-associated hospitalizations, and malaria-associated deaths [1,4-8]. However, these findings have not been uniform across Africa [5,9,10]. One recent study showed a lack of de-cline in slide positivity rates and admissions for cerebral malaria from 2001–2010 in Malawi, and another showed an increase in malaria-related hospitalizations over a similar time period in Uganda [9,11]. These, and man