Open AcceReview Osteoporosis in children: pediatric and pediatric rheumatology perspective: a review

It is increasingly recognized that osteoporosis affects children as well as adults both as a primary problem and as secondary to various diseases, medications, and lifestyle issues. In this review, we emphasize the correct diagnosis of osteoporosis in children as opposed to adults, etiology, and pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical treatments. We especially focus on rheumatologic conditions associated with osteoporosis and management issues. Introductory case 1 An 11-year-old, previously healthy girl presented with a new fracture of the femoral bone following a mild sports injury. Plain x-ray revealed an osteoporotic fracture. What is the cause? What therapy is recommended for preventing new fractures? Introductory case 2 A 13-year-old boy was treated with corticosteroids for juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Which therapy might b