RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Characterization of colon cancer cells: a functional approach characterizing CD133 as a potential stem cell marker

Background: Isolation and characterization of tumourigenic colon cancer initiating cells may help to develop novel diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Methods: We characterized a panel of fourteen human colon carcinoma cell lines and their corresponding xenografts for the surface expression of potential stem cell markers CD133, CD24, CD44, CDCP1 and CXCR4. In five cell lines and nine xenografts, mRNA expression of these markers was determined. Tumour growth behaviour of CD133+, CD133- and unsorted SW620 cells was evaluated in vivo. Results: All five putative stem cell markers showed distinct expression patterns in the tumours examined. Two patient-derived cell lines highly expressed CD133 (> 85 % of positive cells) and three other cell lines had an expression level of about 50 % whereas in long-term culture based models CD133 expression ranged only from 0 to 20%. In 8/14 cell lines, more than 80 % of the cells were positive for CD24 and 11/14 were over 70 % positive for CD44. 10/14 cell lines expressed CDCP1 on ≥ 83 % of cells. CXCR4 expression was determined solely on 94 L and SW480. Analyses of the corresponding xenografts revealed a significant reduction of cell numbers expressing the investigated surface markers and showed single cell fractions expressing up to three markers simultaneously