Tumor growth relies on interactions with stromal cells, which can also contribute to immune evasion and limit the efficacy of immunotherapy. For instance, due to ongoing angiogenesis, solid tumors develop abnormal and leaky blood ves-sels, which increase hypoxia and intersti-tial fluid pressure, two parameters known to interfere with anticancer therapy.1 However, the tumor stroma is highly dynamic in nature and recent publications have highlighted that reversing abnor-mal features of stromal cells can largely improve the outcome of immunother-apy.2,3 In this context, we became inter-ested in tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) as it is highly upregulated in tumors with normalized vessels undergoing immune regression, suggesting a local immuno-mo...