Research Article Human CD38hiCD138+ Plasma Cells Can Be Generated In Vitro

License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. B lymphocyte differentiation into long-lived plasma cells is the keystone event for the production of long-termprotective antibodies. CD40-CD154 and CD27-CD70 interactions are involved in human B lymphocyte differentiation into CD38hiCD138+ cells in vivo as well as in vitro. In this study, we have compared these interactions in their capacity to drive switched-memory B lymphocytes differentiation intoCD38hiCD138+ plasma cells.The targeted B lymphocytes were isolated fromhuman peripheral blood, expanded for 19 days, and then submitted to CD70 or CD154 interactions for 14 days. The expanded B lymphocytes were constitutively expressing CD39, whereas CD31’s expression was noticed only following the in vitro differentiation step (day 5) and was exclusively present on the CD38hi cell population. Furthermore, the generated CD38hiCD138+ cells showed a higher proportion of CD31+ cells than the CD38hiCD138 − cells. Besides, analyses done with human blood and bone marrow plasma cells showed that in vivo and de novo generated CD38hiCD138+ cells have a similar CD31 expression profile but are distinct according to their reduced CD39 expression level. Overall, we have evidences that in vitro generated plasma cells are heterogeneous and appear as CD39+ precursors to the ones present in bone marrow niches. 1