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kidneys can be infected by flukes of several genera of the trema-tode families Eucotylidae and Renicolidae, with the parasites occurring in the distended renal pelves and proximal ureters ing in sporocysts aten by bir ive host, re nev et al., Mild to severe pathological lesions caused by species of the Paratanaisia have been identified in a number of wild avian such as ruddy ground doves, Columbina talpacoti (Pinto 2004), pheasants, Phasianus colchicus (Gomes et al., 2005), turkeys, Meleagris gallopavo (Brener et al., 2006) and helmeted guinea fowl, Numida meleagris (Menezes et al., 2001). This fluke has also been reported to infect domestic pigeons (Columba livia) (Silva et al., 1990) and chickens, Gallus gallus domesticus, (Costa et al., 1975). Some of these Paratanaisia infections produce very limited gross or histological lesions in their host such as mild pelvic dilation q This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike License, which permits non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited