Dear Editor-in-Chief

Acute renal failure (ARF) or acute kidney injury (AKI) may develop due to numerous factors including obstruction of the urinary tract, toxic substances to kidney and low blood volume (1). Acute renal failure may lead to numerous complications including metabolic acidosis, ure-mia and changes in body fluid balance. The diagnosis of acute kidney injury is based mainly on the laboratory findings, such as blood creatinine and urea nitrogen. Management includes treat-ment of the underlying disorder and supportive care. Recently, attentions are mostly on protection or prevention as well as accelerating the regenera-tion of tubular cells against injurious insults to the kidney (1,2)