The Supraorbital Margin of Japanese Who Have No Visible Superior Palpebral Crease and Persistently Lift the Eyebrow in Primary Gaze is Higher and More Obtuse Than Those Who Do Not

Objective: Anthropological studies divided the Japanese into the Yayoi migrants, who had narrow eye, no visible superior palpebral crease, and high-positioned round supraor-bital margins for cold tolerance, and the Jomon natives, who had wide eye, visible supe-rior palpebral crease, and low-positioned straight supraorbital margins, thus suggesting an anatomical discrepancy between the vertical palpebral fissure and the height of the supraorbital margin. Because Japanese subjects without visible superior palpebral crease open their eyelids by lifting the eyebrows with the anterior lamella owing to increased tonic contraction of the frontalis muscle, we hypothesized that persistently lifting the eyebrows in primary gaze mechanically remodels the supraorbital margin to be high positioned and round.Method:We evaluated whether subjects without visible superior palpebral crease persistently lifted their eyelids more than subjects with visible superior palpebral crease, whether the presence of persistently lifted eyebrow in primary gaze affected the relative height of the supraorbital margin in coronal view 3-dimensional computed tomography imaging, and whether the shape of the supraorbital margin in the coronal view affected that in the sagittal view 3-dimensional computed tomograph