Research Article Adaptive Redox Response of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells to Stimulation with Lipopolysaccharide Inflammagen: Mechanisms of Remodeling of Tissue Barriers in Sepsis

Copyright © 2013 Nikolai V. Gorbunov et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Acute bacterial inflammation is accompanied by excessive release of bacterial toxins and production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS), which ultimately results in redox stress.These factors can induce damage to components of tissue barriers, including damage to ubiquitousmesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), and thus can exacerbate the septicmultiple organ dysfunctions. Themechanisms employed byMSCs in order to survive these stress conditions are still poorly understood and require clarification. In this report, we demonstrated that in vitro treatment of MSCs with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced inflammatory responses, which included, but not limited to, upregulation of iNOS and release of RNS and ROS.These events triggered inMSCs a cascade of responses driving adaptive remodeling and resistance to a “self-inflicted ” oxidative stress.Thus, whileMSCs displayed high levels of constitutively present adaptogens, for example, HSP70 and mitochondrial Sirt3, treatment with LPS induced a number of adaptiv