Up-Regulation of Annexin-A1 and Lipoxin A4 in Individuals with Ulcerative Colitis May Promote Mucosal

Background: One of the characteristics of an active episode of ulcerative colitis (UC) is the intense mucosal infiltration of leukocytes. The pro-resolution mediators Annexin-A1 (AnxA1) and lipoxin A4 (LXA4) exert counter-regulatory effects on leukocyte recruitment, however to date, the dual/cumulative effects of these formyl peptide receptor-2 (FPR2/ALX) agonists in the context of human intestinal diseases are unclear. To define the contribution of these mediators, we measured their expression in biopsies from individuals with UC. Methods: Colonic mucosal biopsies were collected from two broad patient groups: healthy volunteers without (‘Ctrl ’ n = 20) or with a prior history of UC (‘hx of UC ’ n = 5); individuals with UC experiencing active disease (‘active ’ n = 8), or in medically-induced remission (‘remission ’ n = 16). We assessed the mucosal expression of LXA4, AnxA1, and the FPR2/ALX receptor in each patient group using a combination of fluorescence microscopy, biochemical and molecular analyses. Results: Mucosal expression of LXA4 was elevated exclusively in biopsies from individuals in remission (3-fold, P,0.05 vs. Ctrl). Moreover, in this same group we observed an upregulation of AnxA1 protein expression (2.5-fold increase vs. Ctrl, P,.01), concurrent with an increased level of macrophage infiltration, and an elevation in FPR2/ALX mRNA (7-fold increase vs. Ctrl, P,.05). Importantly, AnxA1 expression was not limited to cells infiltrating the lamina propria but was also detected in epithelial cells lining the intestinal crypts