J Headache Pain (2007) 8:141-142 DOI 10.1007/s10194-007-0377-8

Neurological conditions reported to occur at higher frequency in migraineurs than non-migraineurs include epilepsy, stroke and essential tremor (ET), as well as mood disor-ders. A family with comorbid migraine with aura (MA) and restless legs syndrome (RLS) is presented. The proband (Fig. 1, I.2), a 65-year-old woman, developed head-aches in her teenage years with fea-tures conforming to ICHD2 criteria for MA. From around the age of 30 years, she developed aching legs, worse at night and improved by movement, conforming to suggested clinical diagnostic criteria for RLS [1]. Investigations showed no uraemia or iron deficiency. Family history revealed that of her five children, all three girls (II.1, II.3, II.4) had developed both MA and RLS during their teenage years. One had exacerbation of RLS during preg-nancy. One female grandchild (III.4) also had features of RLS at the age of 9 years. No female grandchild had headache, although none had reached menarche. This familial concordance of MA and RLS may be chance concurrence, or may reflect shared genetic aetiolo-gy. Familial associations are reported between MA and ET [2], and ET and RLS [3], so association between MA and RLS is possible. To date, three genetic loci have been described for RLS. Whether this family shares an