ORIGINAL ARTICLE Open Access A pilot crossover study: ef

Higher levels of physical activity and exercise are associ-ated with lower risk of non-communicable diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases [1,2]. Adults in developed coun-tries have been recommended to perform 30 minutes of moderate to vigorous daily physical activity [3]. The Japan Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare has also pub-lished Physical Activity Reference for Health Promotion 2013, which recommends increasing physical activity by an additional 10 minutes every day, anywhere, anytime [4]. However, technological developments such as the Internet and cellular phones have tended to reduce daily physical activity as less energy is needed for routine daily activities [1,5,6]. Therefore, the importance of increased daily phys-ical activity has been emphasized to prevent or to reduce the incidence of lifestyle-related diseases