Review Article Heart Failure: Advanced Development in

permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Heart failure (HF) is a complex pathophysiological syndrome that arises from a primary defect in the ability of the heart to take in and/or eject sufficient blood. Genetic mutations associated with familial dilated cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy can contribute to the various pathologies of HF. Therefore, genetic screening could be an approach for guiding individualized therapies and surveillance. In addition, epigenetic regulation occurs via key mechanisms, including ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling, DNA methylation, histone modification, and RNA-based mechanisms. MicroRNA is also a hot spot in HF research. This review gives an overview of genetic mutations associated with cardiomyopathy and the roles of some epigenetic mechanisms in HF. 1. Background Heart failure (HF) is a complex pathophysiological syn-drome that arises from a primary defect in the ability of the heart to take in and/or eject sufficient blood [1]. The clinical manifestations of HF mainly arise from the primary myocardial disease, most commonly coronary artery disease, hypertension, and inherited cardiomyopathy. Although th