The Fluid-Kinetic Particle-in-Cell Solver for Plasma Simulations

A new method that solves concurrently the multi-fluid and Maxwell’s equa-tions has been developed for plasma simulations. By calculating the stress tensor in the multi-fluid momentum equation by means of computational par-ticles moving in a self-consistent electromagnetic field, the kinetic effects are retained while solving the multi-fluid equations. The Maxwell’s and multi-fluid equations are discretized implicitly in time enabling kinetic simulation