Inelastic collisions as a source of entropy?

Abstract. Activation and deactivation by inelastic collisions have been extensively studied at unimolecular reactions in gas phase where they are crucial for equilibration. As equilibration means an increase of entropy, the mechanism can also be considered responsible for entropy production. The numerous results of theoretical treatments show a remarkable agreement with experimental data. Analysis of the statistical physicochemical argumentation reveals the stochasticity of quantum transitions as the essential assumption. Under this premise, master equations have been used that are known to deliver equilibria and entropy production. Here we examine the hypothesis that the ubiquitous inelastic interactions in gas and liquid phase may represent a source of entropy beyond chemical reactions, rotational activation/deac-tivation being the prevailing mechanism in gas dynamics at room temperature. For a quantum mechanical two-state model the master equations are formulated which yield entropy produc-tion and equilibration in translational degrees of freedom until, at conserved energy, a station-ary Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution is reached. The relaxation rates show features that can be checked by monitoring thermal relaxation in gas phase. Depending on the composition, first or second order processes are predicted. The temperature dependence of relaxation rates is determined by the activation energy of the dominating quantum transition. Thus, experimental verification will allow to decide to which extent this hypothesis describes thermal relaxation. It would support a connection between the macroscopic second law of thermodynamics and the microscopic stochastic collapse in quan-tum mechanics. They are both experimentally secured facts which in theory emerge as special elements beyond Hamiltonian dynamics. It is also shown that inelastic collisions are connected with velocity-dependent forces and result in a new analog of the Fokker-Planck equation where they replace Langevin dynamics as a non-Hamiltonian dissipative mechanism