Solar abundance problem

Abstract The chemical composition of the Sun is among the most important quanti-ties in astrophysics. Solar abundances are needed for modelling stellar atmospheres, stellar structure and evolution, population synthesis, and galaxies as a whole. The solar abundance problem refers to the conflict of observed data from helioseismol-ogy and the predictions made by stellar interior models for the Sun, if these models use the newest solar chemical composition obtained with 3D and NLTE models of radiative transfer. Here we take a close look at the problem from observational and theoretical perspective. We also provide a list of possible solutions, which have yet to be tested.