The return of activity in main-belt comet 133P/ElstPizarro

Comet 133P/Elst-Pizarro is the first-known and currently best-characterised member of the main-belt comets, a recently-identified class of objects that exhibit cometary activity but which are dynamically indistinguishable from main-belt asteroids. We report here on the results of a multi-year monitoring campaign from 2003 to 2008, and present observations of the return of activity in 2007. We find a pattern of activity consistent with the seasonal activity modulation hypothesis proposed by Hsieh et al. (2004, AJ, 127, 2997). Additionally, recomputation of phase function parameters using data in which 133P was inactive yields new IAU parameters of HR = 15.49 ± 0.05 mag and GR = 0.04 ± 0.05, and linear parameters of mR(1, 1, 0) = 15.80 ± 0.05 mag and β = 0.041 ± 0.005 mag deg−1. Comparison between predicted magnitudes using these new parameters and the comet’s actual brightnesses during its 2002 and 2007 active periods reveals the presence of unresolved coma during both episodes, on the order of ∼0.20 of the nucleus cross-section in 2002 and ∼0.25 in 2007. Multifilter observations during 133P’s 2007 active outburst yield mean nu