Oscillating epidemics in a dynamic network model: stochastic and mean-field analysis

An adaptive network model using SIS epidemic propagation with link-type de-pendent link activation and deletion is considered. Bifurcation analysis of the pair-wise ODE approximation and the network-based stochastic simulation is carried out, showing that three typical behaviours may occur; namely, oscillations can be ob-served besides disease-free or endemic steady states. The oscillatory behaviour in the stochastic simulations is studied using Fourier analysis, as well as through analysing the exact master equations of the stochastic model. A compact pairwise approxima-tion for the dynamic network case is also developed and, for the case of link-type independent rewiring, the outcome of epidemics and changes in network structure are concurrently presented in a single bifurcation diagram. By going beyond simply com-paring simulation results to mean-field models, our approach yields deeper insights into the observed phenomena and help better understand and map out the limitations of mean-field models